isreal timeline
What is Zionism?
What was the situation with the Levante prior to the First World War?
Who controlled the Levante
How did they get this control
How did the Treaty of Versailles impact who controlled the region?
Zionism was an act to re-establish and rebuild the Jewish Nation.
ISIL, who were a terrorist group at the time, much like ISIS is today, was the ruler basically of the Levant.
The Levant had many resources and the Jezreel Valley which was the breadbasket of the Levant. It was important financially and militarily for the larger empires.
There were many battles for the control of the levant
The treaty of Versailles had countries split up to control their own land so it got evenly divided.
The Balfour Declaration
What was the declaration?
What were the reasons for the declaration?
What were Responses to the declaration from Jews, Arabs and British Public?
Why did each group respond the way they did?
The Balfour declaration was a letter from the United Kingdom's Foreign Secretary, Arthur James Balfour, a leader of the British Jewish community, for transmission to the Zionist Federation of Great Britain and Ireland.
A Middle East history professor, cites at least three reasons for why the British government should chose to support Zionist aspirations. Issuing the Balfour Declaration would appeal to Woodrow Wilson's two closest advisers, who were avid Zionists.
The Arabs expressed disapproval towards it, the Zionist leaders had asked for the reconstitution of Palestine as "the" Jewish national home, and the British public and government opinion became increasingly less favorable to the commitment
The Turkish Grand Vizier, Talaat, issued a statement which promised legislation sayng "all justifiable wishes of the Jews in Palestine would be able to find their fulfillment"
The Sykes-Picot Agreement
What was the agreement?
Why was the agreement signed?
Who does this benefit?
What impact does this have on Palestine or Israel?
It was a secret agreement between the governments of the United Kingdom and France, with the assent of Russia
The treaty defined their proposed spheres of influence and control in the Middle East should the Triple Entente succeed in defeating the Ottoman Empire during World War I.
the British were embarrassed, the Arabs dismayed and the Turks delighted about how the treaty turned out.
They wanted to establish a better Jewish community in Palestine.
The Peel Commission
What were the recommendations of the Peel agreement?
Were they enacted as proposed? What prevented this?
How did the Palestinians and Jews respond to this idea? Explain the reasons for their response
Do you think the Palestinians or Jews would respond the same way today? Who would change their mind and why?
It was a British Royal Commission of Inquiry, headed by Lord Peel, appointed in 1936 to investigate the causes of unrest in British Mandate for Palestine following the six-month-long Arab general strike in Mandatory Palestine.
The Arabs opposed it and condemned it unanimously, as they "objected to the whole principle of awarding territory to the Jews" and demanded from the UK to keep its old promise of an independent Arab state, and that "the very presence of Jews enjoying rights was a betrayal of the British word." The Jewish leadership accepted partition with mixed feelings as an opportunity for sovereignty.
The Jewish Agency for Palestine said it was arguable that the ultimate goal would be achieved most quickly by accepting the Peel proposals.
White Paper 1939
Why did Britain introduce this?
Who did it impact?
How did the Jews respond?
The 1989 community care White Paper marked a watershed in social work for adults in the UK.
It is a policy it had been around since the early 1950s. Its general aim was a more cost-effective way of helping people with mental health problems and physical disabilities, by removing them from impersonal, often Victorian, institutions, and caring for them in their own homes. The Jews could prevent its functioning by withholding participation, and in any case real authority would still be in the hands of British officials. The limitations on Jewish immigration were also held to be insufficient, as there was no guarantee immigration would not resume after five years.
World War II
What was going on in the Levant during the War?
How did the Arab populations respond to Nazism?
Why did they respond in such a fashion?
Describe the situation around Jewish Immigration to Palestine during the Second World War
Explain why the various powers acted in the way they did
Explain the considerable impact the Holocaust had on the region
The Syria–Lebanon campaign, also known as Operation Exporter, was the Allied invasion of Vichy French-controlled Syria and Lebanon in June–July 1941, during World War II.
The relationship between the Nazi movement and leadership and the Arab world encompassed contempt, propaganda, collaboration and in some instances emulation. Cooperative relationships were founded on shared hostilities toward common enemies, such as British and French imperialism, colonialism, communism and Zionism.
Hitler had nothing against the Arab or Muslim way
As the armed conflict in Palestine intensified, the Jews in Arab and Muslim states suffered persecutions. Partly because of the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, more than half a million Jews emigrated from Arab countries. The war created hostility against local Jews, resulting in pogroms, government-sponsored discrimination and other hostility that drove many Jews out of Arab states.
They wanted to fulfill Zionist yearnings
United Nations Special Committee on Palestine
Why was this organization formed?
What were they tasked with doing?
What conclusions did they arrive at?
How did the Arabs and the Jews respond to these conclusions?
Looking back from the 20/20 lens of history, what would you have done differently?
The United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine was a proposal developed by the United Nations, which recommended a partition with Economic Union of Mandatory Palestine to follow the termination of the British Mandate.
They wanted an independent Arab and Jewish States and the Special International Regime for the City of Jerusalem. The Partition Plan, a four-part document attached to the resolution, provided for the termination of the Mandate, the withdrawal of British armed forces and the delineation of boundaries between the two States and Jerusalem.
Immediately after adoption of the Resolution by the General Assembly, the civil war broke out. The partition plan was not implemented.
Most Jews in Palestine and around the world reacted to the UN resolution with satisfaction, but some did not. Arab leaders and governments rejected the plan of partition in the resolution and indicated that they would reject any other plan of partition. Their reason was that it violated the principles of national self-determination in the UN charter which granted people the right to decide their own destiny.
What was the situation with the Levante prior to the First World War?
Who controlled the Levante
How did they get this control
How did the Treaty of Versailles impact who controlled the region?
Zionism was an act to re-establish and rebuild the Jewish Nation.
ISIL, who were a terrorist group at the time, much like ISIS is today, was the ruler basically of the Levant.
The Levant had many resources and the Jezreel Valley which was the breadbasket of the Levant. It was important financially and militarily for the larger empires.
There were many battles for the control of the levant
The treaty of Versailles had countries split up to control their own land so it got evenly divided.
The Balfour Declaration
What was the declaration?
What were the reasons for the declaration?
What were Responses to the declaration from Jews, Arabs and British Public?
Why did each group respond the way they did?
The Balfour declaration was a letter from the United Kingdom's Foreign Secretary, Arthur James Balfour, a leader of the British Jewish community, for transmission to the Zionist Federation of Great Britain and Ireland.
A Middle East history professor, cites at least three reasons for why the British government should chose to support Zionist aspirations. Issuing the Balfour Declaration would appeal to Woodrow Wilson's two closest advisers, who were avid Zionists.
The Arabs expressed disapproval towards it, the Zionist leaders had asked for the reconstitution of Palestine as "the" Jewish national home, and the British public and government opinion became increasingly less favorable to the commitment
The Turkish Grand Vizier, Talaat, issued a statement which promised legislation sayng "all justifiable wishes of the Jews in Palestine would be able to find their fulfillment"
The Sykes-Picot Agreement
What was the agreement?
Why was the agreement signed?
Who does this benefit?
What impact does this have on Palestine or Israel?
It was a secret agreement between the governments of the United Kingdom and France, with the assent of Russia
The treaty defined their proposed spheres of influence and control in the Middle East should the Triple Entente succeed in defeating the Ottoman Empire during World War I.
the British were embarrassed, the Arabs dismayed and the Turks delighted about how the treaty turned out.
They wanted to establish a better Jewish community in Palestine.
The Peel Commission
What were the recommendations of the Peel agreement?
Were they enacted as proposed? What prevented this?
How did the Palestinians and Jews respond to this idea? Explain the reasons for their response
Do you think the Palestinians or Jews would respond the same way today? Who would change their mind and why?
It was a British Royal Commission of Inquiry, headed by Lord Peel, appointed in 1936 to investigate the causes of unrest in British Mandate for Palestine following the six-month-long Arab general strike in Mandatory Palestine.
The Arabs opposed it and condemned it unanimously, as they "objected to the whole principle of awarding territory to the Jews" and demanded from the UK to keep its old promise of an independent Arab state, and that "the very presence of Jews enjoying rights was a betrayal of the British word." The Jewish leadership accepted partition with mixed feelings as an opportunity for sovereignty.
The Jewish Agency for Palestine said it was arguable that the ultimate goal would be achieved most quickly by accepting the Peel proposals.
White Paper 1939
Why did Britain introduce this?
Who did it impact?
How did the Jews respond?
The 1989 community care White Paper marked a watershed in social work for adults in the UK.
It is a policy it had been around since the early 1950s. Its general aim was a more cost-effective way of helping people with mental health problems and physical disabilities, by removing them from impersonal, often Victorian, institutions, and caring for them in their own homes. The Jews could prevent its functioning by withholding participation, and in any case real authority would still be in the hands of British officials. The limitations on Jewish immigration were also held to be insufficient, as there was no guarantee immigration would not resume after five years.
World War II
What was going on in the Levant during the War?
How did the Arab populations respond to Nazism?
Why did they respond in such a fashion?
Describe the situation around Jewish Immigration to Palestine during the Second World War
Explain why the various powers acted in the way they did
Explain the considerable impact the Holocaust had on the region
The Syria–Lebanon campaign, also known as Operation Exporter, was the Allied invasion of Vichy French-controlled Syria and Lebanon in June–July 1941, during World War II.
The relationship between the Nazi movement and leadership and the Arab world encompassed contempt, propaganda, collaboration and in some instances emulation. Cooperative relationships were founded on shared hostilities toward common enemies, such as British and French imperialism, colonialism, communism and Zionism.
Hitler had nothing against the Arab or Muslim way
As the armed conflict in Palestine intensified, the Jews in Arab and Muslim states suffered persecutions. Partly because of the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, more than half a million Jews emigrated from Arab countries. The war created hostility against local Jews, resulting in pogroms, government-sponsored discrimination and other hostility that drove many Jews out of Arab states.
They wanted to fulfill Zionist yearnings
United Nations Special Committee on Palestine
Why was this organization formed?
What were they tasked with doing?
What conclusions did they arrive at?
How did the Arabs and the Jews respond to these conclusions?
Looking back from the 20/20 lens of history, what would you have done differently?
The United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine was a proposal developed by the United Nations, which recommended a partition with Economic Union of Mandatory Palestine to follow the termination of the British Mandate.
They wanted an independent Arab and Jewish States and the Special International Regime for the City of Jerusalem. The Partition Plan, a four-part document attached to the resolution, provided for the termination of the Mandate, the withdrawal of British armed forces and the delineation of boundaries between the two States and Jerusalem.
Immediately after adoption of the Resolution by the General Assembly, the civil war broke out. The partition plan was not implemented.
Most Jews in Palestine and around the world reacted to the UN resolution with satisfaction, but some did not. Arab leaders and governments rejected the plan of partition in the resolution and indicated that they would reject any other plan of partition. Their reason was that it violated the principles of national self-determination in the UN charter which granted people the right to decide their own destiny.